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Direct Dyes


 

Direct dyes are another class of dyes, one of the two types of dyes that are mixed in 'all purpose' dyes such as Rit. (The other type in the mixture is an acid dye, which will not stay in any cellulose fiber for long.) The colours of direct dyes are duller than those provided by fiber reactive dyes, and the washfastness is poor - expect anything dyed with them to 'bleed' forever. The one advantage is that direct dyes may be more lightfast, that is, resistant to fading in the light, than fiber reactive dyes. The "direct dye" classification in the Colour Index system refers to various planar, highly conjugated molecular structures that also contain one or more anionic sulfonate group. It is because of these sulfonate groups that the molecules are soluble in water. Though most direct dyes still can be obtained in powder form, it is increasingly popular to receive them as liquid concentrates. The advantage of concentrates is that they are easy to handle and meter. The disadvantage is that the surfactants and co-solvents needed to keep the dye concentrates stable may interfere with retention and sizing in the case of very deeply coloured grades.

Direct dyes are used on cellulose fibers such as cotton, rayon, and linen. They lack the permanence of the cold water fiber reactive dyes which most serious dyers prefer for use on cellulose fibers, but in some cases they have advantages that make their use worthwhile. For example, while many of the direct dyes are not very lightfast, there are some dyes in the class that may be more lightfast than similar shades of fiber reactive dyes. All direct dyes perform rather poorly with respect to washfastness. Without an appropriate after-treatment, direct dyes bleed a little with every washing, losing their brightness and endangering other clothes washed in the same load. However, there are special after-treatments which may be used to solve this problem. (Vinegar is not among them! In spite of claims you may see to the contrary, you cannot use vinegar to set any dye on cotton or other cellulose materials.) A product called Retayne, which is an ionic bulking agent which essentially "glues" the dye into the fiber, works very well to make fabric dyed with direct dyes washable without bleeding of the dye.

The name 'direct dye' alludes to the fact that these dyes do not require any form of 'fixing'. They are almost always azo dyes, with some similarities to acid dyes. They also have sulphonate functionality, but in this case, it is only to improve solubility, as the negative charges on dye and fibre will repel each other. Their flat shape and their length enable them to lie along-side cellulose fibres and maximize the Van-der-Waals, dipole and hydrogen bonds. Below is a diagram of a typical direct dye. Note that the sulphonate groups are spread evenly along the molecule on the opposite side to the hydrogen bonding -OH groups, to minimize any repulsive effects.


Sunfast & Non Benzidine Direct Dyes



Sunfast & Non Benzidine Direct DyesFASTNESS PROPERTIES
LightWashingPerspirationHypochloriteDischargeability
Direct Dyes Yellow 3GX
Direct Dyes Yellow - 6
 3244F
Direct Dyes Paper Yellow T
Direct Dyes Yellow - 11
 42-344-5P
Direct Dyes Crysophinine
Direct Dyes Yellow - 12
 4-5252F
Direct Dyes Yellow 5GLL H/C
Direct Dyes Yellow - 44
 3311G
Direct Dyes Yellow 5GLL
Direct Dyes Yellow - 44
 3311P
Direct Dyes Yellow RSLW
Direct Dyes Yellow - 50
 6455G
Direct Dyes Yellow RL
Direct Dyes Yellow - 86
 6455G
Direct Dyes Sunfast Yellow RCH
Direct Dyes Yellow - 99
 42-342-3F
Direct Dyes Orange SE 200%
Direct Dyes Orange - 26
 444-54-5F
Direct Dyes Orange TGLL
Direct Dyes Orange - 39
 6-7352F
Direct Dyes Orange TGLL 200%
Direct Dyes Orange - 39
 6-7352F
Direct Dyes Viscose Orange BRO
Direct Dyes Orange - 108
 2255G
Direct Dyes Scarlet 4BS
Direct Dyes Red - 23
 33-444F
Direct Dyes Red 12B
Direct Dyes Red - 31
 1-2333F
Direct Dyes Light Red BLN
Direct Dyes Red - 80
 6355F
Direct Dyes Red 5B
Direct Dyes Red - 81
 4-5344G
Direct Dyes Red 5B 200%
Direct Dyes Red - 81
 4-5344G
Direct Dyes Violet MB
Direct Dyes Violet - 9
 2-3255G
Direct Dyes Brill Violet HELIO B
Direct Dyes Violet - 51
 2-3255G
Direct Dyes Sky Blue FBC
Direct Dyes Blue - 1
 23-455F
Direct Dyes Sky Blue FFH
Direct Dyes Blue - 15
 23-455F
Direct Dyes Blue JJR
Direct Dyes Blue - 67
 4344P
Direct Dyes Blue GLL
Direct Dyes Blue - 71
 53-455F
Direct Dyes Blue GLL 200%
Direct Dyes Blue - 71
 53-455F
Direct Dyes Fast Blue RLL
Direct Dyes Blue - 80
 6355G
Direct Dyes Tur. Blue SBL
Direct Dyes Blue - 86
 6-7451F
Direct Dyes Fast Tur. Blue FBL
Direct Dyes Blue - 199
 43-444F
Direct Dyes Green JJR
Direct Dyes Green - 26
 53-455F
Direct Dyes Green NB
Direct Dyes Green - 96
 53-455F
Direct Dyes Black GR
Direct Dyes Black - 22
 2344G
Direct Dyes Diazo Black OB
Direct Dyes Black - 80
 2334G
Direct Dyes Diazo Black BF
Direct Dyes Black - 155
 23-444G
Direct Dyes Grey 2RL
 
 434-54-5F
Direct Dyes Brown 2GL
 
 5-6333F

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Non Benzidine Direct Dyes



Non Benzidine Direct DyesFASTNESS PROPERTIES
LightWashingPerspirationHypochloriteDischargeability
Direct Dyes Black E
Direct Dyes Black - 38
 2-32-33-43F
Direct Dyes Brown MR
Direct Dyes Brown - 2
 3-423-43F
Direct Dyes Congo Red
Direct Dyes Red - 28
 2244G
Direct Dyes Blue 2B
Direct Dyes Blue - 6
 2354G
Direct Dyes Green PLS
Direct Dyes Green - 1
 234-53-4G
Direct Dyes Green B
Direct Dyes Green - 6
 234-53-4G
Direct Dyes Boxdex BW
Direct Dyes Red - 13
 223-43-4F
Direct Dyes Black BT
Direct Dyes Black - 2
 3354F
Direct Dyes Orange GR
Direct Dyes Orange - 1
 3-434-53F
Direct Dyes Brown BRLL
 
 3-424-54-5P

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